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	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	57.8
CESM2	[-]	60.7	61.0	54.5	58.3	14.0		2.53	15.4	0.532		0.713	0.621	0.963	0.855	0.755
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	63.7	63.6	65.1	58.9	17.8		4.54	20.8	0.952		0.645	0.503	0.912	0.979	0.708
ELM_CN	[-]	61.9	62.0	56.3	59.9	9.89		2.08	16.9	0.625		0.691	0.544	0.956	0.964	0.740
ELM_CNP	[-]	61.9	61.9	57.4	59.9	9.89		2.07	16.8	0.624		0.691	0.545	0.956	0.964	0.740
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	65.6	65.5	67.0	58.5	16.3		7.55	19.1	0.544		0.718	0.543	0.963	0.880	0.729
MIROC6	[-]	60.5	62.7	35.5	57.9	12.6		3.24	17.6	0.551		0.704	0.539	0.961	0.987	0.746

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.3
CESM2	[-]	15.2	15.3	7.88	22.4	5.29		-7.07	17.0	0.504		0.736	0.590	0.957	0.950	0.765
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	6.57	6.87	-0.877	22.4	6.58		-15.6	21.2	0.754		0.559	0.600	0.935	0.822	0.703
ELM_CN	[-]	20.6	20.6	15.9	22.5	3.68		-1.95	13.7	0.607		0.847	0.629	0.947	0.936	0.798
ELM_CNP	[-]	20.5	20.5	15.5	22.5	3.68		-2.04	13.8	0.619		0.846	0.627	0.947	0.936	0.796
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	17.8	17.8	15.7	22.4	6.63		-4.62	17.1	0.793		0.781	0.559	0.930	0.970	0.760
MIROC6	[-]	13.1	13.3	5.25	22.5	7.82		-9.24	20.8	0.876		0.687	0.519	0.922	0.931	0.715

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.5
CESM2	[-]	13.9	14.8	-0.381	20.7	5.53		-6.49	18.8	0.800		0.750	0.564	0.930	0.940	0.750
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	2.83	4.44	-10.1	20.9	5.90		-16.4	22.5	0.892		0.568	0.611	0.922	0.641	0.670
ELM_CN	[-]	17.4	17.9	-3.18	21.4	3.47		-3.57	15.5	0.647		0.825	0.616	0.952	0.868	0.775
ELM_CNP	[-]	17.3	17.8	-3.22	21.4	3.47		-3.67	15.6	0.653		0.824	0.614	0.951	0.868	0.774
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	19.7	20.2	9.86	20.8	5.77		-1.22	18.6	0.581		0.823	0.557	0.961	0.965	0.773
MIROC6	[-]	12.2	13.5	1.85	20.6	6.83		-7.74	21.1	0.696		0.701	0.526	0.945	0.938	0.727

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	47.8
CESM2	[-]	49.1	48.6	53.4	48.2	17.4		0.112	19.7	0.606		0.534	0.531	0.939	0.902	0.687
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	55.4	53.0	64.4	48.0	27.4		4.91	24.3	0.461		0.517	0.459	0.956	0.856	0.649
ELM_CN	[-]	47.7	47.6	53.2	50.1	8.28		-2.50	21.8	0.542		0.519	0.452	0.946	0.954	0.665
ELM_CNP	[-]	47.9	47.7	54.6	50.1	8.28		-2.41	21.8	0.537		0.518	0.455	0.946	0.953	0.665
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	55.4	53.5	60.9	48.2	19.6		6.38	23.2	0.452		0.557	0.451	0.953	0.901	0.663
MIROC6	[-]	39.3	40.2	32.9	47.9	17.6		-11.2	23.6	0.467		0.509	0.494	0.947	0.881	0.665

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	29.3
CESM2	[-]	35.6	35.7	33.3	29.4	9.70		6.41	20.2	0.764		0.695	0.540	0.932	0.911	0.724
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	30.8	30.3	40.0	29.4	23.2		0.806	20.0	0.777		0.644	0.551	0.930	0.924	0.720
ELM_CN	[-]	34.1	34.0	38.3	29.7	4.91		4.27	18.8	0.685		0.707	0.551	0.939	0.904	0.730
ELM_CNP	[-]	34.0	33.9	38.3	29.7	4.91		4.17	18.8	0.687		0.706	0.551	0.938	0.903	0.730
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	36.4	36.2	40.9	29.4	12.8		7.05	21.2	0.646		0.685	0.525	0.946	0.917	0.720
MIROC6	[-]	36.2	36.6	32.4	29.4	9.84		6.82	23.6	0.682		0.644	0.507	0.944	0.910	0.702

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	21.3
CESM2	[-]	33.1	32.0	39.0	22.4	9.98		11.7	17.3	1.32		0.295	0.201	0.801	0.873	0.474
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	51.8	47.5	58.4	22.0	9.43		25.4	29.7	1.26		0.108	0.125	0.810	0.771	0.388
ELM_CN	[-]	26.6	25.7	39.2	24.7	6.44		1.41	15.6	1.35		0.286	0.160	0.799	0.489	0.379
ELM_CNP	[-]	27.5	26.3	43.2	24.7	6.44		2.08	15.7	1.35		0.289	0.162	0.801	0.476	0.378
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	34.2	30.9	42.5	21.6	10.8		13.0	18.3	1.24		0.321	0.232	0.819	0.808	0.483
MIROC6	[-]	5.45	4.78	6.83	21.7	12.5		-17.0	21.6	1.61		0.0821	0.212	0.744	0.619	0.374

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.9
CESM2	[-]	21.2	20.1	34.8	21.2	7.17		0.310	16.6	0.838		0.714	0.595	0.919	0.805	0.726
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	20.7	18.4	33.7	21.3	9.90		-3.03	19.0	0.790		0.658	0.589	0.928	0.683	0.689
ELM_CN	[-]	23.5	23.4	40.2	22.5	4.34		1.12	13.4	0.783		0.757	0.622	0.928	0.864	0.759
ELM_CNP	[-]	23.6	23.6	40.6	22.5	4.34		1.29	13.3	0.769		0.756	0.624	0.929	0.872	0.761
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	20.8	19.4	35.5	21.2	9.58		0.624	19.2	0.702		0.698	0.535	0.928	0.769	0.693
MIROC6	[-]	15.9	15.0	25.4	21.4	16.6		-7.38	17.0	0.665		0.626	0.616	0.943	0.806	0.721

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	34.5
CESM2	[-]	30.8	36.8	6.05	34.7	11.4		2.13	18.9	0.877		0.601	0.492	0.911	0.928	0.685
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	37.9	37.4	17.9	34.8	13.9		2.52	22.4	1.02		0.534	0.444	0.890	0.809	0.624
ELM_CN	[-]	36.6	36.8	33.9	35.5	6.12		1.36	18.6	0.805		0.607	0.461	0.923	0.947	0.680
ELM_CNP	[-]	36.6	36.9	34.0	35.5	6.12		1.45	18.5	0.802		0.608	0.463	0.924	0.947	0.681
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	38.9	38.8	38.5	34.7	12.3		4.68	20.2	0.763		0.610	0.449	0.929	0.932	0.674
MIROC6	[-]	27.9	32.7	9.37	34.6	13.5		-2.75	22.7	0.822		0.527	0.455	0.922	0.859	0.644

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	23.6
CESM2	[-]	43.7	44.5	42.4	23.7	16.2		22.1	34.0	0.971		0.561	0.527	0.964	0.730	0.662
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	51.5	47.4	55.3	23.7	15.3		23.6	36.3	0.837		0.556	0.539	0.975	0.770	0.676
ELM_CN	[-]	44.4	44.8	43.8	24.5	5.38		20.5	33.0	0.842		0.555	0.561	0.971	0.715	0.673
ELM_CNP	[-]	44.3	44.7	43.8	24.5	5.38		20.4	33.0	0.843		0.553	0.561	0.971	0.716	0.672
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	41.3	43.1	39.1	23.7	14.8		21.9	35.2	0.832		0.568	0.498	0.973	0.753	0.658
MIROC6	[-]	56.5	52.1	59.7	23.6	23.5		26.6	38.6	0.872		0.571	0.544	0.967	0.777	0.681

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	50.1
CESM2	[-]	48.9	50.6	39.8	50.2	16.4		0.521	21.1	1.11		0.464	0.393	0.893	0.841	0.597
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	57.1	57.6	54.6	50.1	12.7		7.43	22.7	1.24		0.528	0.332	0.857	0.755	0.561
ELM_CN	[-]	47.9	49.2	41.0	50.4	16.0		-1.14	23.0	0.752		0.414	0.349	0.929	0.856	0.579
ELM_CNP	[-]	48.1	49.4	41.0	50.4	16.0		-0.974	22.8	0.746		0.416	0.351	0.930	0.845	0.579
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	50.6	52.3	37.3	50.1	5.72		2.94	20.9	0.820		0.481	0.376	0.918	0.912	0.612
MIROC6	[-]	52.4	50.9	63.5	50.1	7.56		0.178	26.2	0.891		0.407	0.346	0.911	0.910	0.584

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	31.4
CESM2	[-]	34.7	34.8	45.7	31.5	13.2		4.33	15.2	1.75		0.474	0.332	0.734	0.752	0.525
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	49.9	50.1	55.2	31.8	18.5		18.3	23.6	1.41		0.244	0.269	0.813	0.827	0.484
ELM_CN	[-]	31.5	31.5	38.1	32.5	8.65		-0.855	16.2	1.46		0.473	0.249	0.811	0.675	0.492
ELM_CNP	[-]	31.9	31.9	38.1	32.5	8.65		-0.412	16.0	1.46		0.483	0.253	0.810	0.681	0.496
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	36.3	36.0	41.0	31.5	16.1		6.22	15.8	1.49		0.512	0.311	0.792	0.754	0.536
MIROC6	[-]	14.3	14.5	20.3	31.4	6.27		-16.8	25.9	1.48		0.184	0.276	0.781	0.492	0.402

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.1
CESM2	[-]	35.9	35.7	40.9	40.6	9.09		-4.55	18.0	0.885		0.484	0.452	0.905	0.959	0.650
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	43.5	42.3	52.0	40.4	15.1		1.86	21.1	0.822		0.474	0.399	0.912	0.928	0.622
ELM_CN	[-]	36.6	36.6	38.8	41.3	7.93		-4.65	18.6	1.08		0.498	0.414	0.875	0.969	0.634
ELM_CNP	[-]	36.6	36.6	40.5	41.3	7.93		-4.67	18.6	1.08		0.496	0.416	0.875	0.969	0.634
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	39.7	38.9	48.9	40.3	11.9		-0.391	19.3	0.579		0.553	0.409	0.945	0.964	0.656
MIROC6	[-]	28.8	29.5	18.7	40.3	7.03		-11.9	19.8	0.669		0.397	0.472	0.933	0.922	0.639

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	51.4
CESM2	[-]	53.4	52.8	63.6	51.5	19.7		1.68	16.7	0.913		0.576	0.472	0.896	0.952	0.674
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	63.4	61.8	79.2	51.6	5.16		10.3	20.0	1.17		0.543	0.379	0.867	0.976	0.629
ELM_CN	[-]	51.7	51.7	58.9	52.2	6.78		-0.483	17.5	0.692		0.595	0.406	0.933	0.934	0.655
ELM_CNP	[-]	52.0	51.9	59.6	52.2	6.78		-0.203	17.2	0.670		0.601	0.412	0.935	0.945	0.661
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	58.8	58.0	75.5	51.4	17.4		7.58	20.5	0.628		0.583	0.367	0.937	0.915	0.634
MIROC6	[-]	48.3	48.5	38.3	51.4	8.52		-3.42	19.7	0.639		0.520	0.413	0.937	0.823	0.622

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	36.6
CESM2	[-]	41.6	41.2	51.7	36.7	7.02		4.46	17.0	0.976		0.522	0.397	0.901	0.809	0.605
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	52.1	51.8	53.9	36.8	10.4		14.9	24.0	1.53		0.379	0.311	0.821	0.902	0.545
ELM_CN	[-]	40.5	40.5	41.8	37.0	7.71		3.57	18.9	0.952		0.542	0.328	0.907	0.831	0.587
ELM_CNP	[-]	41.0	41.0	41.9	37.0	7.71		4.05	18.7	0.934		0.546	0.334	0.909	0.839	0.592
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	45.1	44.5	58.2	36.7	12.8		8.52	19.7	0.776		0.486	0.341	0.926	0.847	0.588
MIROC6	[-]	28.8	28.5	25.4	36.6	7.69		-8.43	24.7	0.857		0.349	0.355	0.912	0.563	0.507

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	38.0
CESM2	[-]	37.2	37.1	38.8	38.3	10.3		-0.993	15.9	0.777		0.728	0.586	0.925	0.891	0.743
CMCC-ESM2	[-]	30.6	30.2	40.0	38.2	9.69		-8.05	18.3	1.04		0.630	0.566	0.899	0.946	0.721
ELM_CN	[-]	33.9	33.9	44.0	38.8	5.47		-4.81	16.3	0.620		0.692	0.582	0.941	0.929	0.745
ELM_CNP	[-]	33.9	33.9	47.0	38.8	5.47		-4.84	16.3	0.619		0.691	0.583	0.941	0.929	0.745
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	35.3	34.7	49.4	38.1	16.8		-3.14	16.3	0.936		0.730	0.577	0.910	0.918	0.742
MIROC6	[-]	31.8	32.2	27.7	38.1	18.1		-6.08	16.5	0.840		0.680	0.595	0.918	0.979	0.753

Australia Boreal Asia Boreal North America Central America Central Asia Equatorial Asia Europe Global - Land Middle East Northern Hemisphere Africa Northern Hemisphere South America Southeast Asia Southern Hemisphere Africa Southern Hemisphere South America Temperate North America Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Source_file:

This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  Conventions:

Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  Creation_date:

Tue Jul 28 15:54:11 PDT 2015

  Approach:

I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from MJoule*m-2*d-1 to Watt/m2.

  Temporal resolution:

monthly

  General information:

This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution:

0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code:

http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-sh-GBAF.ncl